[Management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children].

The management of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in child suffered major changes by focusing on the medical treatment in order to prevent the urinary tract infections and the occurrence of postinfectious renal scars. Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis and the follow-up by serial cystography of the spontaneous resolution of the reflux are considered nowadays the best choice in most of the cases. Surgery is recommended only in selected cases. Sub-ureteral injection of bulking agents to correct the reflux holds promise as an alternative to open surgery, but presents the challenge of identifying the ideal bulking agent.